Literature+Review

CONSTRUCTION DELAY Investigators shows many project surveyed suffered delays in budget, execution and duration (Aibinu & Jagboro, 2002; Abdul Kadir, Lee, Jaafar, Sapuan & Ali, 2005). According to Abdul Kadir, Lee, Jaafar, Sapuan & Ali (2005), the lack of material at project site is the most critical factor in construction delay. For example, when the material not arrived at site on time, it will make the workers often idle waiting for the material and time overrun will occur. Other than that, the financial problem can occur many problems such the stoppage material delivery to site, and hinder the work progress. Sometimes, the change order might occur maybe because of the design error or the clients want to change the design. Actually, it will affect the cost and also duration. That is why the delay always occurs in construction.
 * LITERATURE REVIEW**

Similarly, Aibinu & Jagboro (2002) that found shortage of materials and poor contract management will effect the project construction. The poor contract management on planning, scheduling and material management will slow the progress of construction and elongated the project duration. When there are poor knowledge and inexperience in planning and scheduling, the work programme will not flow smoothly. William, Nguyen & Simonian (2010) observe the same factor as Abdul Kadir, Lee, Jaafar, Sapuan & Ali (2005), which late submission of the drawings and material lists that needed by the subcontract. Beside that, when there are some conflict between a contractor and subcontractor, the work progress cannot be continued and it will be time overrun.

In short, the causes of the delay should be reduced so that no waste in time and cost. In the words of Aibinu (2002) “The significant effect of loss and expense claims on project cost overrun suggests that clients are significant cause of delay in Nigerian building projects”. However William, Nguyen & Simonian (2010) argued the clients are the significant, and choose the contract or subcontract. Contract or subcontract may have many events that are performed in different duration yet delaying events only impact some activities. With regard to coordination problem with contractor and subcontractor, Kadir, Lee, Jaafar, Sapuan & Ali (2005) stipulate that it is the major hindrance to work flow. To resolve the problem, site meeting should be held to clarify any misunderstanding issues.

**REFERENCES** > doi: 10.1108/02630800510586907 > doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000259
 * 1) Aibinu, A.A. & Jagboro, G.O. (2002). The effects of construction delays on project delivery in Nigerian construction industry. // International Journal of Project Management 20 //, 593-599.
 * 2) Abdul Kadir, M.R., Lee, W.P., Jaafar, M.S., Sapuan, S.M. & Ali, A.A.A. (2005). Factors affecting construction labour productivity for Malaysian residential projects. // Structural Survey 23 // (1), 42-54.
 * 1) Ibbs, W., ASCE, M., Nguyen, L.D. & Simonian, L. (2010). Concurrent delays and apportionment of damages. // Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. Submitted. //